A Core Taxonomy of Nursing Information Behavior (CT-NIB), version 1.1

compiled by Sergey Zherebchevsky, Elizabeth Milonas and Richard P. Smiraglia*

 

1.0 Nursing Information Behavior

 

As the global Covid-19 pandemic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019) began its grip it became increasingly apparent that health care in all forms would be better enabled by new and dynamic knowledge organization systems.

 

Observations concerning the role of home health-care nurses in major cities, including New York City, lead IKOS to the ethnographic research of Edmund Pajarillo (2005) that tracked the information behavior of home health-care nurses in the New York region leading to the theory concerning the “nub of nursing information behavior (NIB).” In brief, the nub is:

 

-(325-6 emphasis added): The NIB constitutes this nub of steps and techniques, defined as the crux of information searching and knowledge organizing demonstrated by the home care nurses. This NIB nub consists of uncovering, discovery and recovery.

-(332): In the nub of NIB, the nurse is identifying leads and conduits, thinking of questions to ask sources, determining search terms or keywords, and drawing up courses of actions.

-(350 emphasis added): This interaction between the nurse and the patient takes place right in the nub of NIB. The various information searching and knowledge organizing steps and processes are subsumed in three dynamic and interrelated core processes-uncovering, discovery and recovery.

 

To begin our contribution IKOS invited the consent and collaboration or Dr. Pajarillo. The 2005 dissertation was analyzed using the Provalis ProSuite (https://provalisresearch.com/products/prosuite-text-analytics-tools/ ) to generate frequency distributions of terms and phrases from the text, which were then sorted and disambiguated to generate the list of “phenomena” found in the core taxonomy below. The WordStat (https://provalisresearch.com/products/content-analysis-software/ ) module was used to conduct co-word analysis and to generate three-dimensional visualizations of term and phrase co-occurrence. These visualizations, in turn, were used to suggest regions that might constitute the facets and sub-facets in the core taxonomy. The team then used Spiteri’s (1998) facet analysis model to generate the names and content of the facets and sub-facets. We then linked as many terms as possible to the glossary in Pajarillo (2005). We will, in future versions of the taxonomy, link to LOD via other health care KOSs.

 

The core taxonomy was made available to the general public on 12 May 2020. Version 1.1 has been made available 26 June 2020; the update includes mappings, where available, to the NANDA International Nursing Diagnoses vocabulary. It is our hope at IKOS to continue to use the core taxonomy to generate further ethnographic research to understand and inform the special challenges of home health-care nursing in the pandemic. We want to emphasize how knowledge organization is, in this case as in many, a critical applied skill of front-line first-responders.

 

2.0 Core Taxonomy

 

CT-NIB 1.1 NANDA-I Nursing Diagnoses
Facets Subfacets Phenomena Glossary Definitions Domain Class Diagnosis Page
actions
interaction negative correlation
nurses agreed
information encountering Information encountering – an information behavior model defined as a memorable experience of an unexpected discovery of useful or interesting information  (p. 473).
interaction between the nurse
interpersonal relations 11 – Safety/protection 3 – Violence 00140 – Risk for self-directed violence 462
11 – Safety/protection 3 – Violence 00151 – Self- mutilation 463
11 – Safety/protection 3 – Violence 00139 – Risk for self-mutilation 465
patient interaction
correlated positively
nurse and the patient
behavior behavior of home care nurses
nursing information behavior (NIB) Nursing information behavior (NIB) – is the collective and encompassing term specifically used to describe how nurses are driven to seek and search for and use information. It includes the information wellspring leads and conduits used by nurses, usual information roadblocks, and the models and processes that best explain this behavior (p. 476). behavior.
sense 1 – Health Promotion 2 – Health Management 00188 – Risk- prone health behavior 153
6 – Self- perception 1 – Self- concept 00185 – Readiness for enhanced hope 288
6 – Self- perception 1 – Self- concept 00167 – Readiness for enhanced self- concept 293
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 1 – Post- trauma responses 00141 – Post- trauma syndrome 342
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 1 – Post- trauma responses 00145 – Risk for post-trauma syndrome 345
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00069 – Ineffective coping 357
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00072 – Ineffective denial 367
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00135 – Complicated grieving 371
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00125 – Power lessness 376
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00210 – Impaired resilience 380
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00212- Readiness for enhanced resilience 384
perception of personal and family
observation 9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00147 – Death anxiety 365
information behavior Information behavior – is the collective and encompassing term that includes the three components of information searching, information seeking and information use behavior. It entails all the behavior involved with active and passive information, including its conceptualization, formulation, use and application (P. 472).
home care experience 7 – Role relationship 3 – Role performance 00064- Parental role conflict 326
care
patient care home care Home health care – refers to the range of health care services rendered in the client’s home or place of residence (p. 472). 7 – Role relationship 3 – Role performance 00064- Parental role conflict 32
nursing care
patient care
home visits
treatment medication 2 – Nutrition 4 – Metabolism 00179 – Risk for unstablebloodg lucose level 187
11 – Safety/protection 3 – Violence 00150 – Risk for suicide 467
4 – Activity/rest 4 – Cardiovascul ar/pulmonar y responses 00267 – Risk for unstable blood pressure 253
medications
treatment
occurance instances
situations 7 – Role relationship 3 – Role performance 00052 – Impaired social interaction 329
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00074 – Compromised family coping 361
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00210 – impaired resilience 380
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00211 – Risk for impaired resilience 382
discharge 7 – Role relationship 1 – Caregiving roles 00062 – Risk for caregiver role strain 307
recovery 11 – Safety/protection 3 – Violence 00150 – Risk for suicide 467
skill practice of home care nursing
professional practice
clinical specializations
comfort and skill level
comfortable and skillful
expertise in other clinical
nursing experience
professional competence
professional experience
proficiency
searching skills
information information question See information driver.
education
search outputs
contextual background
data gathering
discovery
figure
findings
frequently occurring information
terms
patient logs
drug reference
resources
resource information leads Information wellspring leads – may be actual sources of information or those information clues that provide direction to the user towards acquiring the information needed. Examples include reference manuals, books, clinical experts, peers, the Internet, and electronic databases (p. 474).
resources personally owned [“personal resources”- NANDA-I] 11 – Safety/protection 3 – Violence 00140 – Risk for self-directed violence 462
12 – Comfort 3 – Social comfort 00053- Social isolation 505
information resources
information sources See information wellspring leads.
resources 1 – Health Promotion 1 – Health awareness 00168 – Sedentary lifestyle 147
1 – Health Promotion 2- Health management 00215 – Deficient community health 152
1 – Health Promotion 2- Health management 00099 – Ineffective health maintenance 154
4 – Activity/rest 5 – Self-care 00098 – Impaired home maintenace 260
5 – Perception/cognit ion 4 – Cognition 00126 – Deficient knowledge 280
7 – Role relationship 2 – Family relationships 00060 – Interrupted family processes 319
7 – Role relationship 3 – Role performance 00055 – Ineffective role performance 327
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 1 – Post- trauma responses 00260 – Risk for complicated immigration transition 342
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00199 – Ineffective activity planning 351
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00069 -Ineffective coping 357
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00077 – Ineffecive community coping 359
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00076 – Readiness for enhanced community coping 360
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00210 – Impaired resilience 380
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00211 – Risk for impaired resilience 382
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00212 – Readiness for enhanced resilience 384
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00177 – Stress overload 386
11 – Safety/protection 3 – Violence 00140 – Risk for self-directed violence 462
12 – Comfort 1 – Physical comfort 00214- Impaired comfort 492
12 – Comfort 2 – Environment al comfort 00214 – Impaired comfort 500
12 – Comfort 3 – Social comfort 00214 – Impaired comfort 502
12 – Comfort 3 – Social comfort 00053 – Social isolation 505
components
community resources 7 – Role relationship 2 – Family relationships 00060 – Interrupted family processes 319
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00077 – Ineffective community coping 359
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00076 – Readiness for enhanced community coping 360
network of resources
personal resources Personal network – relates to sources and resources that are within and around immediate reach for the home care nurse such as her personal reference books and manuals, journals, tablets and other similar materials (p. 477). 11 – Safety/protection 3 – Violence 00140 – Risk for self-directed violece 462
12 – Comfort 3 – Social comfort 00053 – Social isolation 505
internet access
leads
tool electronic mail
information adjuncts
information tools
internet search engines
search engines
tablet
telephone
domain information technology
knowledge organization Knowledge organization – field of study in Information Studies that deals with the histolry, development and use of concepts and tools to organize information systematically for easy and effective retrieval and understanding (p. 475).
medical 11 – Safety/protection 2- Physical injury 00268 – Risk for venous thromboemboli sm 459
professional nursing
health care 1 – Health Promotion 1 – Health awareness 00262 – Rediness for enhanced health literacy 146
1 – Health Promotion 2- Health management 00215 – Deficient ommunity health 152
1 – Health Promotion 2- Health management 00078 – Ineffective health management 155
1 – Health Promotion 2- Health management 00078 – Ineffective health management 157
7 – Role relationship 3 – Role performance 00055 – Ineffective role performance 327
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00072 – Ineffective denial 367
10 – Life principles 3 – Value/belief/ action congruence 00242 -Impaired emancipated decision- making 406
10 – Life principles 3 – Value/belief/ action congruence 00244 – risk for impaired emancipated decion-making 407
10 – Life principles 3 – Value/belief/ action congruence 00243 – Readiness for enhanced emancipated decision- making 408
nursing practice
home care nursing
information studies
agents
entity agency
hospitals and clinics
information centers
staff full-time nurses
registered nurse population
adjuncts
care nurses
health professionals
home care nurses Home care nurses – nurses who practice in the sub-specialty of community health nursing, providing home health care services to clients in their homes (p. 472).
members 7 – Role relationship 2 – Family relationships 00063 – Dysfunctional family processes 316
7 – Role relationship 2 – Family relationships 00060 – Interrupted family prcesse 319
7 – Role relationship 2 – Family relationships 00159 – Readiness for enhanced family processes 321
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00077 – Ineffective community coping 359
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00076 – Readiness for enhanced community coping 360
physicians
respondents
team
patient lifestyle orientation (*of patient)
family members 7 – Role relationship 2 – Family relationships 00060 – Interrupted family prcesse 319
7 – Role relationship 2 – Family relationships 00159 – Readiness for enhanced family processes 321
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00073 – Disabled family coping 363
1 – Health Promotion 2- Health management 00080 – Inffective family health management 157
personal and family
client 9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00074 – Compromised family coping 361
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00073 – Disabled family coping 363
influencers personal and family demands
daily stressors
factors 1 – Health Promotion 2- Health management 00231 – Risk for frail elederly syndrome 150
1 – Health Promotion 2- Health management 00162 – Readiness for enhanced health management 156
2 – Nutrition 1 – Ingestion 00002 – Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements 162
2 – Nutrition 1 – Ingestion 00232 – Obesity 177
2 – Nutrition 1 – Ingestion 00233 – Overweight 179
2 – Nutrition 1 – Ingestion 00234 – Risk for overweight 181
2 – Nutrition 4 – Metabolism 00179 – Risk for unstable blood glucose level 187
2 – Nutrition 5 – Hydration 00195 – Risk for electrolyte imbalance 193
2 – Nutrition 5 – Hydration 00027 – Deficient fluid volume 195
2 – Nutrition 5 – Hydration 00028 – Risk for deficient fluid volume 197
3 – Elimination and exchange3 2 – Gastrointens tinal function 00236 – Risk for chronic functional constipation 215
4 – Activity/rest 4 – Cardiovascul ar/pulmonar y responses 00200 – Risk of decreased cardiac tissue perfusion 254
4 – Activity/rest 4 – Cardiovascul ar/pulmonar y responses 00204 – Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion 256
4 – Activity/rest 4 – Cardiovascul ar/pulmonar y responses 00228 – Risk for ineffctive peripheral tissue perfusion 257
11 – Safety/protection 2- Physical injury 00039 – Risk or aspiration 424
11 – Safety/protection 2- Physical injury 00219 – Risk for dry eye 428
11 – Safety/protection 2- Physical injury 00245 – Risk for corneal injury 432
11 – Safety/protection 2- Physical injury 00035 – Risk for injury 433
11 – Safety/protection 2- Physical injury 00249- Risk for pressure ulcer 445
information drivers Information driver (aka information need, information question) – pertains to factors that trigger the information-seeking process for the home care nurse; circumstances, individuals, or conditions that provoke an information question or need, or those which motivate and drive the home care nurse to pursue finding needed information to bridge information gaps. Information drivers may be internally or externally driven (p. 473).
information roadblocks Information roadblocks (aka information barriers) – are those individuals, factors, or situations that present as stumbling blocks to the home care nurse’s pursuit of needed information. Information roadblocks may be classified as intemal, intangible and tangible (p. 473).
information conduits Information lead conduits – are those existing services and systems in the environment, surroundings and communities where home care nurses work which may serve as a physical portal available to assist in obtaining information. Examples include libraries, information intermediaries (librarians or information specialists), and local government workers (police, fire and postal staff) (p.473).
conduits
computer issues
governance regulatory issues
clinical practice
health insurance
processes
processes environmental scanning Environmental scanning – refers to an information behavior model defined as observing, obtaining, and analyzing pertinent events, trends and relationships in an organization’s external environment, wIth the purpose of increasmg the effecttveness of future courses of action made by its management (p. 471).
oasis
information seeking Information seeking behavior – is the purposive seeking for information as a consequence of a need to satisfy some goal. In the course of seeking, the individual may interact with manual information systems (such as a newspaper or a library), or with computer-based systems (such as the World Wide Web) (p. 474).
information search Information search episode – is considered one particular information search process, beginning from the point of need identification to information need satisfaction (p. 474).
information searching Information searching – pertains to the systematic process of looking for information (p. 474)
search episodes
care planning
core processes
critical thinking Critical thinking – an important component of nursing practice involving cognitive skiUs in analyzing, applying standards, discriminating, information seeking, logical reasoning, predicting and transforming knowledge (p. 471).
framework
information science models
information search process Information search process – is a term to describe steps used by a user when attempting to find needed information. These steps include information need and leads identification, transforming this information need into a question appropriate to the information lead at hand, actual querying or browsing the infromation lead, filtering the most relevant search outcomes, and actually picking out the most useful and pertinent to the original information need (p. 474).
nursing process Nursing process – a systematic and organized approach to processing, managing and using information derived from patients and their presenting signs and symptoms to be able to develop, implement and evaluate a plan of care that addresses clients’ nursing care needs (p. 476).
processes involved
search process
structure 3 – Elimination and exchange3 1 – Urinary function 00020 – Functional urinary incontinence 202
4 – Activity/rest 2 Activity/exer cise 00085 – Impaired physical mobility 233
6 – Self- perception 3 – Body image 00118 – Disturbed body image 300
8 – Sexuality 2 – Sexual function 00059 – Sxual dysfunction 332
9 – Coping/stress tolerance 2 – Coping responses 00073 – Disabled family coping 363
seeking process
place
location geographic health
professional environmental space Professional environmental space (PES) – pertains to the nurse’s professional space, where the locus and focus of nursing practice take place. The professional space is where the knowledge, skills, competence and attitude of the horne care nurse come into critical play. The nature, status and condition of this professional space make it possible for nursing care to be delivered promptly and appropriately whenever a client has a need (p. 477).

 

3.0 Alphabetical list of Phenomena

 

Phenomena Facets Subfacets
adjuncts agents staff
agency agents entity
behavior of home care nurses actions behavior
care nurses agents staff
care planning processes processes
client agents patient
clinical practice agents governance
clinical specializations care skill
comfort and skill level care skill
comfortable and skillful care skill
community resources resources resource
components resources resource
computer issues agents influencers
conduits agents influencers
contextual background care information
core processes processes processes
correlated positively actions interaction
critical thinking processes processes
daily stressors agents influencers
data gathering care information
discharge care occurrence
discovery care information
drug reference care information
education care information
electronic mail resources tool
environmental scanning processes processes
expertise in other clinical care skill
factors agents influencers
family members agents patient
figure care information
findings care information
framework processes processes
frequently occurring information care information
full-time nurses agents staff
geographic health place location
health care resources domain
health insurance agents governance
health professionals agents staff
home care care patient care
home care experience actions behavior
home care nurses agents staff
home care nursing resources domain
home visits care patient care
hospitals and clinics agents entity
information adjuncts resources tool
information behavior actions behavior
information centers agents entity
information conduits agents influencers
information drivers agents influencers
information encountering actions interaction
information leads resources resource
information question care information
information resources resources resource
information roadblocks agents influencers
information science models processes processes
information search processes processes
information search process processes processes
information searching processes processes
information seeking processes processes
information sources resources resource
information studies resources domain
information technology resources domain
information tools resources tool
instances care occurrence
interaction between the nurse actions interaction
internet access resources resource
internet search engines resources tool
interpersonal relations actions interaction
knowledge organization resources domain
leads resources resource
lifestyle orientation (*of patient) agents patient
medical resources domain
medication care treatment
medications care treatment
members agents staff
negative correlation actions interaction
network of resources resources resource
nurse and the patient actions interaction
nurses agreed actions interaction
nursing care care patient care
nursing experience care skill
nursing information behavior (NIB) actions behavior
nursing practice resources domain
nursing process processes processes
oasis processes processes
observation actions behavior
patient care care patient care
patient interaction actions interaction
patient logs care information
perception of personal and family actions behavior
personal and family agents patient
personal and family demands agents influencers
personal resources resources resource
physicians agents staff
practice of home care nursing care skill
processes involved processes processes
professional competence care skill
professional environmental space place location
professional experience care skill
professional nursing resources domain
professional practice care skill
proficiency care skill
recovery care occurrence
registered nurse population agents staff
regulatory issues agents governance
resources resources resource
resources personally owned resources resource
respondents agents staff
search engines resources tool
search episodes processes processes
search outputs care information
search process processes processes
searching skills care skill
seeking process processes processes
sense actions behavior
situations care occurrence
structure processes processes
tablet resources tool
team agents staff
telephone resources tool
terms care information
treatment care treatment

 

4.0 References

NANDA International. 2018. Nursing Diagnoses: Definitions and Classification 2018-2020, ed. T. Heather Herdman and Shigemi Kamitsuru. 11 th ed. New York: Thieme.

Pajarillo, Edmund J.Y. 2005. “Contextual Perspectives of Information for Home Care Nurses: Towards a Framework of Nursing Information Behavior (NIB).” PhD diss. Long Island University.

Spiteri, Louise. 1998. “A Simplified Model for Facet Analysis: Ranganathan 101.” Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science 23:1-30

 

*Sergey Zherebchevsky is PhD candidate, Long Island University and Associate Fellow of IKOS. Elizabeth Milonas is Assistant Professor, City Tech (CUNY) and Associate Fellow of IKOS. Richard P. Smiraglia is Senior Fellow, Institute for Knowledge Organization and Structure, Inc. The team is grateful to Dr. Pajarillo for consultation concerning the structure and content of the taxonomy. We also wish to thank our IT manager Kalix Zee for assistance with content analysis.

 

Version 1.1. Published 02 July 2020.

©2020 Institute for Knowledge Organization and Structure, Inc. All rights reserved.

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